See -ical on Wiktionary
{
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"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:-ical<ety:af<-ik<id:adjectival suffix><alt:-ic>><-al<id:adjectival suffix>>>",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-ikos\nProto-Italic *-ikos\nLatin -icuslbor.\nOld French -iquebor.\nMiddle English -ic\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-der.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālisbor.\nOld French -albor.\n▲\nLatin -ālis\nOld French -elbor.\n▲\nLatin -ālisbor.\nMiddle English -al\nMiddle English -ical\nEnglish -ical",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-ical"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -ical",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-ique"
},
"expansion": "Old French -ique",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "-icus"
},
"expansion": "Latin -icus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "-ικός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek -ικός (-ikós)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-el"
},
"expansion": "Old French -el",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ic",
"3": "-al"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, -ic + -al",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-ikos\nProto-Italic *-ikos\nLatin -icuslbor.\nOld French -iquebor.\nMiddle English -ic\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-der.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālisbor.\nOld French -albor.\n▲\nLatin -ālis\nOld French -elbor.\n▲\nLatin -ālisbor.\nMiddle English -al\nMiddle English -ical\nEnglish -ical\nFrom Middle English -ical, a combination of -ic from Old French -ique, from Latin -icus, related to Ancient Greek suffix Ancient Greek -ικός (-ikós), plus -al from Latin adjective suffix -alis, or Old French -el.\nBy surface analysis, -ic + -al.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more -ical",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most -ical",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ical (adjective-forming suffix, comparative more -ical, superlative most -ical)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -al",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ic",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
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{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
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"parents": [],
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{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "mythical, quizzical, theistical, whimsical"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form adjectives from nouns with the meaning \"of or pertaining to\"; adjectival suffix appended to various words, often nouns, to make an adjective form. Often added to words of Greek or Latin origin, but used with other words also."
],
"id": "en--ical-en-suffix-96Z0FcqN",
"related": [
{
"word": "-ic"
},
{
"word": "-etic"
},
{
"word": "-al"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɪkəl/"
}
],
"word": "-ical"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:-ical<ety:af<-ik<id:adjectival suffix><alt:-ic>><-al<id:adjectival suffix>>>",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-ikos\nProto-Italic *-ikos\nLatin -icuslbor.\nOld French -iquebor.\nMiddle English -ic\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-der.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālisbor.\nOld French -albor.\n▲\nLatin -ālis\nOld French -elbor.\n▲\nLatin -ālisbor.\nMiddle English -al\nMiddle English -ical\nEnglish -ical",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-ical"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -ical",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-ique"
},
"expansion": "Old French -ique",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "-icus"
},
"expansion": "Latin -icus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "-ικός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek -ικός (-ikós)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-el"
},
"expansion": "Old French -el",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ic",
"3": "-al"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, -ic + -al",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-ikos\nProto-Italic *-ikos\nLatin -icuslbor.\nOld French -iquebor.\nMiddle English -ic\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-der.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālisbor.\nOld French -albor.\n▲\nLatin -ālis\nOld French -elbor.\n▲\nLatin -ālisbor.\nMiddle English -al\nMiddle English -ical\nEnglish -ical\nFrom Middle English -ical, a combination of -ic from Old French -ique, from Latin -icus, related to Ancient Greek suffix Ancient Greek -ικός (-ikós), plus -al from Latin adjective suffix -alis, or Old French -el.\nBy surface analysis, -ic + -al.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more -ical",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most -ical",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ical (adjective-forming suffix, comparative more -ical, superlative most -ical)",
"name": "en-adj"
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],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-ic"
},
{
"word": "-etic"
},
{
"word": "-al"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
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"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English productive suffixes",
"English suffixes",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂el- (grow)",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms suffixed with -al",
"English terms suffixed with -ic",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with inline etymon for redlinks"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "mythical, quizzical, theistical, whimsical"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form adjectives from nouns with the meaning \"of or pertaining to\"; adjectival suffix appended to various words, often nouns, to make an adjective form. Often added to words of Greek or Latin origin, but used with other words also."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɪkəl/"
}
],
"word": "-ical"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -ical meaning in All languages combined (3.2kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: adjective-forming suffix",
"path": [
"-ical"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ical",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-04-01 using wiktextract (7de0cf9 and 9452535). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.